53
Figure 16. Unadjusted pre-hospital and in-hospital OHCA patient outcomes.
Survival Outcomes
Based on local EMS agency protocols, 43.4% of patients were pronounced on scene after resuscitative 
efforts were terminated in the pre-hospital setting (Figure 16). The success of resuscitation efforts in the 
field is often measured by a patient’s return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). In 2025, sustained ROSC 
(defined as 20 consecutive minutes of ROSC, or its presence at transfer of care to a receiving hospital) 
was achieved by 22.8% of CARES patients.
The rate of survival to hospital admission was 25.3% (ED outcome missing for 241 cases; 0.2%), and the 
rate of survival to hospital discharge was 10.5% (hospital outcome missing for 283 cases; 0.2%). Among 
patients discharged alive, the majority had a neurologically favorable outcome, indicated by a Cerebral 
Performance Category (CPC) score of 1 or 2 (Table 3).
Patient Outcomes
Table 3. Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) Scores
CPC Score
Description
CPC 1
Good Cerebral Performance
Conscious, alert, able to work and lead a normal life.
CPC 2
Moderate Cerebral Disability
Conscious and able to function independently (dress, travel, prepare food), but may have 
hemiplegia, seizures, or permanent memory or mental changes.
CPC 3
Severe Cerebral Disability
Conscious, dependent on others for daily support because of impaired brain function (in an 
institution or at home with exceptional family effort).
CPC 4
Coma, Vegetative State
Not conscious. Unaware of surroundings, no cognition. No verbal or psychological interactions 
with environment.
CPC 5
Death

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